Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 13, No. 31.
      Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King's College London
              
             

  [1]   From:    Elisabeth Burr      (49)
        Subject: Re: 13.0027 what for?

  [2]   From:    Luigi M Bianchi                  (35)
        Subject: Re: "We would know how we know what we know"


--[1]------------------------------------------------------------------
        Date: Sun, 23 May 1999 06:31:22 +0100
        From: Elisabeth Burr 
        Subject: Re: 13.0027 what for?

I would like to raise the point that Humanities
Computing as you propose it in your paper
should not be reserved to post graduates, because
it seems to me that we have to start earlier. Up to
now, our book centered disciplines have been based
on a book centered culture and we have learnt right
from the start to handle aspects of it. Although our
students now, in a way, grow up with computers, 
their mind is formed in a way that doesn't help humanities
computing, i.e. it is either still printed text based or
not printed text based (because they don't even read).
Computers are conceived of as tools for writing or storing
and organising information, the Internet is conceived of as
a tool for looking up information.
The way of thinking we need in order to pose humanities
computing questions is something we have to teach. What
I notice in my odd computer based seminars is that I am
trying to apply computing to research from one moment to the
next without having the time nor the possibility to build
up the reflection about what we are trying to do, about what
is an electronic text, about what makes it different from other
text, why would we want to do what we do, and why do we do
it at all in Romance linguistics. I try to carry them through such
a seminar lasting just one semester hoping that the results will
show them what it is there for. This is not enough.
I get more and more the impression that either we base teaching
of Romance linguistics as much as possible on applied computing
which would mean, however, that we would have to reduce what,
up to now, we try to teach students about what is Romance lin-
guistics, about the history of a language, about research which has
been done, or we have to create BA courses which combine Romance
linguistics/studies with applied computing.
I would argue for the last. Students thus formed could then go on to
an MA (PhD) as you propose it. They would have the sort of insight
they need to integrate it with a much broader perspective.

Elisabeth
-------------------------------------------
PD Dr'in Elisabeth Burr
FB 3/Romanistik
Gerhard Mercator Universitaet-GH Duisburg
Geibelstrasse 41
47048 Duisburg
Tel.: +49 203 3791957
fax: +49 203 3793122
e-mail: Elisabeth.Burr@uni-duisburg.de
http://www.uni-duisburg.de/FB3/ROMANISTIK/PERSONAL/Burr/burr.htm
Editor of:
http://www.uni-duisburg.de/FB3/ROMANISTIK/home.html
http://www.uni-duisburg.de/FB3/SILFI/home.html
http://www.uni-duisburg.de/FB3/DRV/



--[2]------------------------------------------------------------------ Date: Sun, 23 May 1999 06:31:50 +0100 From: Luigi M Bianchi Subject: Re: "We would know how we know what we know" Dear Colleagues, I am surprised at the sparse negative reaction to Willard McCarty's article [ http://ilex.cc.kcl.ac.uk/wlm/essays/know/ ] against a background of silence. Tito Orlandi's outburst [ http://ilex.cc.kcl.ac.uk/wlm/essays/know/ ] seems to be more about the disproportionate dominance of the English language in the computing world than about the substance of McCarty's essay: "What upsets me most [...] is the well-known phenomenon by which our (Italian) milieu will soon accept ideas, preached in Italy for years, only because they issue [now] from the Anglo-Saxon world." [my translation.] Orlandi is probably right in this regard, and perhaps McCarty should have addressed more explicitly the question of language in his discussion of the exchange of "knowledge instruments" in the "trading zone." Much more puzzling to me is the silent welcome with which McCarty's article has been greeted. His reference to David Hilbert's famous address is quite appropriate and timely, unless we subscribe somehow to a purely natural, evolutionary theory (memetics?) of the field. I think the problem may be that readers have confused the intent of the article: it is not a "plan," but a strategy. As such, McCarty has illustrated it with _examples_ from his own work, but he has been quite explicit about the purpose of such illustrations: "My intention is to provoke discussion among computing humanists across the disciplines, so that they may ask, each of his or her own speciality, what current problems are most productively susceptible to computing." I am indeed looking forward to such a debate. Luigi M Bianchi _____________________________________________________________ Luigi M Bianchi Science and Technology Studies phone: +1-416-736-5213 Atkinson College, York University fax: +1-416-736-5766 4700 Keele St, Toronto, Ontario e-mail: lbianchi@yorku.ca Canada M3J-1P3 http://www.yorku.ca/sts/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Humanist Discussion Group Information at =========================================================================

Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 13, No. 35. Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King's College London Date: Sun, 23 May 1999 22:11:29 +0100 From: Matt Kirschenbaum Subject: Re: 13.0031 humanities computing discussion > --[2]------------------------------------------------------------------ > Date: Sun, 23 May 1999 06:31:50 +0100 > From: Luigi M Bianchi > > [ . . .] > Much more puzzling to me is the silent welcome with which > McCarty's article has been greeted. [ . . .] > "My intention is to provoke discussion among computing humanists > across the disciplines, so that they may ask, each of his or her own > speciality, what current problems are most productively susceptible > to computing." > > I am indeed looking forward to such a debate. I don't think the "silence" surrounding Willard's paper is any reflection of a lack of interest or appreciation; no doubt many people are hard at work on their upcoming ACH/ALLC presentations. ;) Some months ago I had occassion to articulate my own view of humanities computing and wrote these sentences: "In a paper entitled "How Much Information is There in the World?" (answer: "a few thousand petabytes"), Michael Lesk is able to estimate that within the next two years the efficiency of computer memory will be such that we will be able to digitally save all information comprising any part of the human record -- even (theoretically) everything that everyone remembers ("for a single person, this isn't even hard"). Calculations of this sort are carried out in units like terabytes (1000 gigabytes), petabytes (1000 terabytes) and exabytes (1000 petabytes). The very existence of such units of measurement calls upon us to contemplate something like a technological sublime, a simultaneous ecstasy and oblivion immanent in our encounters with the virtual. But these figures also underscore the necessity of introducing structure and material perspective into our information and data objects. If materiality inheres in medium, in media, and in mediation, then I would argue that the materiality of electronic objects must consist in such matters as the choice of a certain Document Type Definition to represent text in accordance with some particular intellectual and editorial prejudice. "For me, humanities computing is not about objectivty and totality, the stuff of Lesk's calculations. It is not about sublime fantasies of data and access, the vertigo of William Gibson's "lines of light" and "city lights receeding." Humanities computing is about choices and compromises, decisions and interventions leveraged against the terabytes and petabytes of the data flow. We achieve this leverage through attention to what we in the humanities have always understood best: matters of representation. Computers allow us to build working models of those representations, models informed by our knowledge and imagination of images, texts, and cultural memory." -- Some additional thoughts on Willard's paper, which by and large I read with admiration. But if I have criticisms, it is that it devotes too few words to the accomplishments the field has seen already. I can think offhand of as many as half a dozen major electronic editing/textbase projects whose promise has, for many years (since the early nineties), been discussed largely in speculative terms, but which are now gradually coming to fruition -- the time line here would range from perhaps late 1997 on through the coming year. (This period may come to be seen as something of a watershed.) The importance of including such work in a broad-based discussion of humanities computing does not lie simply in creating an occassion for celebratory prose; rather, the intellectual and technical agenda of the field, in materially significant ways (grant funding, for example) will in large part be driven by just such a track record of successes (and failures).* It's noteworthy that rhetorically, many of the projects I have in mind make the claim that they will serve as "models" for future efforts. In other words, they are self-consciously attempting to contribute to an agenda for humanities computing as a field. Moreover, we should recognize that a critical mass of large-scale electronic editions/textbases will bring into focus an additional "meta" dimension of research: cross-collection searches are a single obvious example, which we can anticipate leading to new work in data standards, metadata, and digital libraries (the digital library community is also, I think, neglected in Willard's piece, but in many ways this seems to me the most vital site humanities computing has today). So in short, I think the various trajectories individual projects set in motion "from below" have _tremendous_ bearing on humanities computing as a whole, and we would do well to acknowledge and record these more explicitly when surveying the field. The institutional conditions within which we work are too complex (and too often, too volatile) for clear distinctions between how an individual project is framed, funded, and supported and how the agenda of the field as a whole might be impacted. Anyway: some rough thoughts. Certainly I hope this is a conversation that will continue not only here on Humanist but also next month in Charlottesville. Best, Matt * For a discussion of "The Importance of Failure," a minor theme in Willard's essay, see John Unsworth's article of that same name at . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Matthew G. Kirschenbaum Department of English Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities University of Virginia mgk3k@virginia.edu or mattk@virginia.edu http://www.iath.virginia.edu/~mgk3k/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Humanist Discussion Group Information at =========================================================================

Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 13, No. 44. Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King's College London Date: Wed, 26 May 1999 20:54:29 +0100 From: Geoffrey Rockwell Subject: Questions Dear Willard, Your essay on the principles of Humanities Computing puts an interesting problem before us; what are the interesting problems of Humanities Computing? I would like to suggest a few (additional) questions that might frame the problem inspired by your essay. 1. What is a computer? This is on the surface an easy question to answer. I could point to the object before me and say "that is a computer", but defining the computer becomes a problem when we start asking about the computer as a cultural object. This question triggers a series of questions about the place of technology and technological discourse in contemporary culture. A computer is no longer just a computer and we in the humanities have the experience unpacking cultural artifacts to contribute to the dialogue. 2. What is the history of computing? This question I believe we have to continue to ask in order to be honest with ourselves. Part of doing Humanities Computing should be the doing of it in an historically informed fashion. In particular we need to ask ourselves about the history of Humanities Computing and whether it might be an administrative artifact. By this I mean that the history of Humanities Computing might have more to do with the way universities organize disciplines for administrative purposes than any inherent virtue. 3. How does the computer inform content? With this question I am trying to get at the relationship between the form of computing and the content we structure in MIDI files, graphics, WWW sites, hypertexts and TEI encoded text files. I believe this is the central question of Humanities Computing. Is there are relationship between the forms imposed by computer applications and the content held by them? We may not be able to answer this question in general; it could be that we have to look at specific areas like text encoding, hypertext, electronic music, and multimedia for questions we can answer. 4. What possibilities for human excellence are released by the computer? Humanities Computing is not only a critical or intellectual discipline that comments on computing from the privileged tower. We need to invite the creative and performative arts back into Humanities Computing by posing questions that are not answered but acted on. The creative artist does not always deal with a problem when they create a work, so we must leave room in the discipline for performances and original creations made possible by the computer. 5. How can we learn from computing? I leave the question about learning and teaching to the last. We are all amateurs in this area, in the best sense. Thus I see it as a question of how we can learn together, not how those who have mastered something can teach others. Part of this learning is sharing a sense of danger and possibility with others. When I know what I know I will teach it. Yours, Geoffrey Rockwell Humanities Computing grockwel@mcmaster.ca ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Humanist Discussion Group Information at =========================================================================

Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 13, No. 36. Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King's College London [1] From: Elisabeth Burr (32) Subject: Re: 13.0031 humanities computing discussion [2] From: Francois Lachance (59) Subject: who by [3] From: (8) Subject: Tenure and electronic publication [4] From: Jim Marchand (19) Subject: thanks --[1]------------------------------------------------------------------ Date: Tue, 25 May 1999 20:22:48 +0100 From: Elisabeth Burr Subject: Re: 13.0031 humanities computing discussion I have just read Tito Orlandi's "The Scholarly Environment of Humanities Computing" and I wanted to thank him for the description of the situation at most European universities (cf. 5. "The European connection") because it shows me that the problems I am having with getting Humanities compu- ting going at Duisburg university are not personal ones and aren't due to my own incapability (as I tend to think when I am really frustrated after ha- ving had another of those tedious discussions where I am told that corpora can be loaded down from the net or you just have to bye CD-ROM editions of newspapers or where a computerlinguist doesn't even try to understand what I am trying him about Humanities computing). That is why ACO*Hum seemed like an anchor and I still hope that we will use it in such a way, that we can create a net of Humanities computing where we create European undergraduate courses by pulling individual courses together, use boarderline countries and their universities to create collaboration, develop Internet courses, use Erasmus/Socrates to send our students abroad to get what we can't offer ecc. If we could manage to present such a course to our administration and ministry we might get it through, above all in the restructuring phase we are in at the moment. We should, however, combine these courses with languages in order to get students to go abroad and we need people who will look after them when they are abroad, i.e. we need very good collaboration. As soon as we get this going then we could push for a broader setup as Willard describes it. Elisabeth Burr --------------------------------------------------------------------------- PD Dr'in Elisabeth Burr FB 3/Romanistik Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Geibelstrasse 41 47048 Duisburg +49 203 3791957 Elisabeth.Burr@uni-duisburg.de http://www.uni-duisburg.de/FB3/ROMANISTIK/PERSONAL/Burr/burr.htm Editor of: http://www.uni-duisburg.de/FB3/ROMANISTIK/home.html http://www.uni-duisburg.de/FB3/SILFI/home.html http://www.uni-duisburg.de/FB3/DRV/home.html --[2]------------------------------------------------------------------ Date: Tue, 25 May 1999 20:23:05 +0100 From: Francois Lachance Subject: who by Willard, Thank you for your persistence in bringing attention to the ruminations you offer at > I have a question about the genesis of the text which is related to a tension I perceive to be at work in the credit question raised by Professor Orlandi and in the trader metaphor. Question: were the notes added after the major section of the text was completed or were they stepping stones in the development of the major section? I know the questions of orchestration and textual genesis seem far from the "content" of the essay. However, I do believe such questions hinge upon the currency of the metaphors which are placed in circulation by the publication of the essay. allow me, if you will, a little illustration: Note number seven on Support Staff reads: Scholars and scientists in all fields have found that the older configurations of such services, according to which the principal investigator has the questions and the staff person provides the answers, are no longer valid, if they ever were; as both the technological expertise and the scholarly range necessary for research grow, it is also for the formulation and the refinement of the questions themselves that principal investigators have to turn to 'staff', whom it is increasingly necessary -- not a matter of courtesy, much less as a matter of condescension, but a matter of justice and accuracy -- to identify as colleagues in the research enterprise. and the "Mechanical Primitives" section of the essay, if I summarize if correctly here, invokes an individual scholar as a consumer of software products. As may perhaps emerge from this juxtaposition, the content question becomes one of the symmetry between production and consumption. This is so very well elucidated in your synopsis on the role of modeling in humanities discourse that is seems puzzling as to why it disappears from the essay's horizon at this point. If I may venutre an opinion, it is the interference of the the trader metaphor which shifts the essay's initial locus of concern -- the what of the building-testing activity -- to a concern with "legitimation" -- the who of the building-testing activity. The trader's transactions -selling and buying- under certain judicial regimes occur in the private sphere. In the public sphere, diplomatic relations also lead to exchanges of knowledge. The ambassadorial model in the form of the student exchange or a visiting professorship already exists in the academy. It may just lend a bit more self-similarity across scale to the various levels in your survey/program which if I do not abstract too too much is grounded on the belief in principled feedback between researchers and their objects of study and between researchers themselves as well as between researchers and a wider public. If such be the case, then is not philology still queen since translation animates your tentative neo-trivium (history [the past], philosohy [the possible future] and sociology [the present relations]). Or is the regal model dead? Francois has been, is and most likely will be very much fascinated by the discourse of machines and models --[3]------------------------------------------------------------------ Date: Tue, 25 May 1999 20:24:43 +0100 From: Subject: Tenure and electronic publication I have finally gotten my hands on the formal statement proposed by Berkeley's Library Committee to the campus's Academic Senate, with respet to faculty review and different media: "In the course of reviewing faculty for merit and promotion, when there are grounds for believing that processes of peer review and quality assurance are the same in different media, equal value should be attached to the different forms of scholarly communication." Charles Faulhaber Department of Spanish UC Berkeley, CA 94720-2590 (510) 642-3781 FAX (510) 642-7589 cbf@socrates.berkeley.edu --[4]------------------------------------------------------------------ Date: Tue, 25 May 1999 20:25:04 +0100 From: Jim Marchand Subject: thanks This is a personal thanks to all those who wrote to my powers that be in my behalf in re office space and computer connection. The result is that I have (to quote my Indian friend who speaks Indian English) somewhat more commodious if not so sumptuous quarters and will retain my ethernet connection. We were discussing evaluation of computer work in a humanities environment, and I can assure you that no one takes internet work or listwork seriously. I once wrote our Research Board, asking for equipment to help me with internet work and received a letter back reminding me that this was not scholarly activity. I am sure that such things will change as people get more savvy, but our Research Board is staffed with us. I feel that much of the good scholarship is being done nowadays on the net, but I don't know how one might be able to evaluate it. Also, note that payment for work done (on the basis of some evaluation) is or is not in the coin of the realm. I, for example, was not looking for a raise, nor for promotion (neither of these was likely to be forthcoming), but for a cozy nook in which to contemplate ones books and talk to ones colleagues. If, on the other hand, you are looking for pay for your work ... Who was it that said: `Give him a coin if he wishes to be paid for his work'? Jim Marchand. ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Humanist Discussion Group Information at =========================================================================

Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 13, No. 45. Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King's College London Date: Thu, 27 May 1999 21:24:05 +0100 From: Domenico Fiormonte esit04@holyrood.ed.ac.uk Subject: "sfoghi" & humanities computing I've read with attention Tito Orlandi's posting on http://RmCisadu.let.uniroma1.it/~orlandi/mccarty1.html. It is often true that the English speaking world gives little or superficial attention to what's happening in other countries. Sadly, this is not just the case with humanities computing. (Just think about the pathetic and discouraging coverage of European news in British newspapers: they can't even spell foreign names.) It is a general attitude produced by a complex political, social and cultural situation. Two years ago I was personally involved in a public debate (see: http://www.ed.ac.uk/~esit04/TALBOT7.htm) on the unhealthy influence that the American model of higher education is having on our universities; so in many ways I share Orlandi's concerns. However, it is fair to say that if we can speak about an hegemony of Anglo-saxon culture (read: scholarship) we have to describe it in terms of at least an 'enlightened dictatorship'... As far as our field is concerned, the Anglo-Saxon Directoire has always showed a reasonable degree of interest in research, theories and applications coming from other countries. I believe that scholarly journals (i.e. LLC or CHum), associations and conferences have shown in the last ten years an increasing (and genuine) interest in other cultural milieux. In this respect, especially considering the relative weight of its investments in IT, Italy has certainly not been underepresented. One of the last selections of papers on humanities computing published in the UK (Digital Demotic, http://www.kcl.ac.uk/humanities/cch/ohc/index.html) begins with a highly regarded keynote address by Father Roberto Busa, and ends with a final note by Richard Heseltine, who describes enthusiastically a distance learning project led by an Italian economist, Umberto Sulpasso. What is more, all three presentations given by Italian scholars at DRH '97 were included in the selection. And there were more than fifty presentations at that conference. But I'd to say more. Last year, I had the honour to organise an international seminar where we invited many of the leading figures of HC. The conference was an opportunity for Italian researchers -- and especially for *young* researchers -- to show how rich and complex is our country's involvement in humanities computing. The conference was a success, and the audience, especially those who were not aware of the research, was impressed by the breadth and originality of the Italians' work. Among the speakers were Willard McCarty and Lou Burnard, who contributed with their constant attention, care and intellectual respect to the success of this gathering. I am deeply indebted to them and to Jon Usher (another Anglo-saxon) who gave me the opportunity to organise this event. Now I have a question for professor Orlandi. Would this event have been possible in Italy? I don't mean of course the organisation of the event in itself. You have organised a similar, much bigger conference in Rome on the same topics. What I mean is, would have been possible in Italy (for example in your Centre) for a 'dottorando' (Phd student) to get a 5000 pounds grant, receive full administrative and logistic support from his/her department, and, what more important, to have *freedom* in what to do (themes and topics) and whom to invite? So before speaking of the Anglo-Saxon hegemony, I would ask myself what we are capable of doing in our respective countries, and what cultural, social and political forces are at stake. What I will say here does not question either the scholarship or the intellectual honesty of professor Orlandi (as well as of other non-English speaking scholars!). But it raises questions of how we all conceive, and indeed practice, scholarly work and conduct our academic relationships. I think that until we are capable of seeking recognition for our collective efforts, rather than for our individual talent, the attention from the international academic community will continue to be superficial and erratic. International collaboration is essential, but before that we need to work on common objectives and initiatives in our own countries. The time is ripe for an International School of Humanities Computing, and subsequently for an European Master. This (wishful thinking?) would be possible only if we learn to coordinate our forces within our national institutions. I'd really like to see these topics discussed in the next session of Computers, Literature and Philology, that we are organising in Rome next November (an official announcement will be issued very soon). I'll do my best to convince invited speakers and local organisers to dedicate a special session to this topic. As for "render unto Caesar that which is Caesar's", I want to reassure Tito Orlandi. My friend and mentor Roberto Vacca (http://www.ed.ac.uk/~esit04/vacca_1.htm) would put it this way: "I don't care if others 'steal' my ideas. That means they are worth something. Actually what worries me is when people don't care about them. Which means they stink..." Concluding: 1) Anglo-saxons must learn foreign languages; 2) others too; 3) everybody is expected to: a) produce theories *and* applications *and* show substantial teaching records, if they want their scholarship (or 'primateship') be respected and acknowledged; 3.a) if they seek world-wide recognition, they have to present their work in the lingua franca of our times (English); 3.b) if they don't want to write or publish in English, they have to bear (or enjoy, Italian being my first language) the burden, and stop complaining. There are many languages in this world, and all of them are perfect and dignified means of expression. Some languages are (politically) stronger, some are weaker. Culture and advancement of knowledge have little to do with success (not to mention happiness). But if it is success and 'mundane recognition' that we are looking for, well, then "let's face the music, and dance." Personally, I am not very interested in that. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Domenico Fiormonte University of Edinburgh School of European Languages and Cultures DHT, George Square - EH8 9XJ United Kingdom Fax: 44+131-6506536 http://www.ed.ac.uk/~esit04/digitalv.htm ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PLEASE AVOID SENDING WORD ATTACHMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Humanist Discussion Group Information at =========================================================================

Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 13, No. 50. Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King's College London Date: Sat, 29 May 1999 09:25:51 +0100 From: Matt Kirschenbaum Subject: figured it out Q: What is humanities computing? A: Humanities computing is what happens while we're busy writing bigger grants. Matt ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Humanist Discussion Group Information at =========================================================================

Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 13, No. 58. Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King's College London Date: Tue, 1 Jun 1999 17:52:49 -0700 From: Jascha Kessler Subject: Re: 13.0035 humanities computing discussion I wrote about this possibility in an article published some decades ago in the Massachusetts Review. I tried to withdraw it, because I thought maybe I was nuts and everyone would scout me. The editor insisted on making it the lead article. I began with idea of the universal record and universalized it, and went on to discuss the unreason of reason, etc. I guess I could look up the title, were anyone to be interested. I rewrote it last year for the hell of it, to make some of the language clearer. But I was talking about the next Millenium as it seems to me now, and our failure even to begin to imagine it, so sunk are we in details or mechanisms. I remember the subtitle, ...'Our No-Win Situation." It may have been 25 years ago now, I fear, the editor long since dead, Robert Tucker. Jascha Kessler Jascha Kessler Professor of English & Modern Literature, UCLA Telephone/Facsimile: (310) 393-4648 http://www.english.ucla.edu/jkessler/ http://www.xlibris.com/JaschaKessler.html http://www.xlibris.com/RapidTransit.html ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Humanist Discussion Group Information at =========================================================================

Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 13, No. 61. Centre for Computing in the Humanities, King's College London Date: Wed, 9 Jun 1999 10:20:19 +0200 From: Giuseppe Gigliozzi Subject: Humanities computing discussion I've read with attention the humanities computing discussion and I would like to express my point of view. My text is really too long for a e-mail message, So I decided to send a short abstract to the list and to put some html pages on the CRILet^=D2s web site. You can find these pages at the address: Complete Text (I beg Willard^=D2s and Titos^=D2s pardon for the little joke). [...omissis...] Giuseppe Gigliozzi ------------------ Giuseppe Gigliozzi Dipartimento di Studi Linguistici e Letterari Facolta' di Lettere e Filosofia - Universita' di Roma "La Sapienza" Piazza Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma Italia Via Andrea Cesalpino, 12 - 14 - 00185 Roma Italia Tel. ++.06.4991.3183 - ++.06.44239405 - ++.06.44243482 Fax. ++.06.4991.3575 - ++.06.44240331=20 e-mail gigliozzi@axrma.uniroma1.it - gigliozz@rmcisadu.let.uniroma1.it http://rmcisadu.let.uniroma1.it/crilet - http://crilet.let.uniroma1.it